RESUMO
Background and Aims: Antibiotic resistance presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and is notably severe in developing countries. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria is crucial for effective treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze these patterns in bacteria isolated from the urine samples of patients at Mughda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A retrospective study (January 2019 to December 2020) at Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, examined clinical and laboratory data from patients with positive urine cultures (≥105 CFU/mL). The study classified patients into four age groups: children (1-<18 years), young adults (18-<33 years), middle-aged adults (33-50 years), and old adults (>50 years). The standard Kirby-Bauer method was used to assess antibiotic sensitivity to 28 common antibiotics. Results: Among 243 positive urine cultures in both community- and hospital-acquired UTIs, Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen (65.84%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.34%), Enterococcus spp. (8.23%), and other types of bacteria. Conclusion: Old adults are particularly vulnerable to UTIs, with E. coli being the predominant causative agent in the study region. The observed antimicrobial resistance patterns underscore the necessity of judicious antibiotic selection to effectively treat UTIs across different age groups.
RESUMO
Background: Dengue is a major public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the perceptions and practices of community members in Dhaka regarding community engagement and social participation for dengue prevention. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Dhaka City from May 2022 to December 2022. The respondents were randomly selected. The association between community participation and prevention practices was tested using the χ 2 test. Results: The findings of this study indicate that the majority of participants (92%) believed that community effort would be relied upon in the event of a dengue outbreak. Environmental cleaning campaigns were the preferred approach, and religious leaders viewed them positively. This study also revealed significant variations in knowledge levels, with those involved in community efforts and mass gatherings demonstrating greater knowledge. This study sheds light on the demographic factors that influence dengue knowledge and provides valuable insights into the development of targeted public health interventions. Conclusion: The study revealed negative perceptions and limited participation in dengue prevention among participants, with the majority demonstrating a poor understanding of preventive measures. While some showed positive attitudes towards community engagement, significant disparities existed in participation, highlighting the need for targeted educational campaigns and enhanced community mobilization efforts. Moreover, the importance of multisectoral collaboration is emphasized, underscoring the need for coordinated efforts among health departments, NGOs, religious institutions, and community leaders to effectively combat dengue transmission. Recommendations include ongoing educational initiatives, targeted interventions to promote community involvement, and fostering collaboration across sectors to strengthen dengue prevention efforts and to safeguard public health.
RESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern, especially in resource-constrained countries, such as Bangladesh. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to antibiotic misuse by assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 20 to August 30, 2022, among 704 parents of school-going children in Dhaka South City. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the KAP, and multivariate models, including linear and ordinal logistic regression, were used to explore the associations between these factors. The findings revealed that approximately 22% of the participants were male and 78% were female. Most parents (58%) had completed higher secondary education. Approximately 45% of the respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge, 53% had uncertain attitudes, and 64% exhibited antibiotic misuse. Factors such as parental age, education level, employment status, income, child's age, and family type significantly influenced KAP. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted education and awareness initiatives to enhance knowledge and responsible antibiotic use among parents, contributing to global efforts against antibiotic resistance. The government should enforce laws and regulations regarding the misuse of antibiotics.
